The Event ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://ontology.flandersmake.be/event/ontology/1.0.1
abstract: The Event ontology is a vocabulary for describing uncertain Events, their outcomes and their dependencies. Furthermore, the vocabulary allows to describe Predictions and Realizations. A Prediction is a belief on the Event outcomes, namely (conditional) probabilities for those outcomes. A Realization is a possible outcome for a set of Events and is associated with a probability that all those outcomes happen. A Realization can take into account stated outcomes of dependent events.
description: The following concepts are formalized: - an **Event** is something that happens and that can have different outcomes - an **Outcome** is an outcome that a given Event can take - a **dependency** between 2 Events states that the probabilities of the dependent Event are impacted by the Outcomes of the other Event - a **Prediction** is a belief over the outcomes of a set of Events - an **EventPredicted** is a probability for an event outcome, possibly conditionnaly to other event outcomes - an **PredictionRealization** receives a set (possibly empty) of stated Outcomes for the Prediction events and provides all the possible Realizations of the non-stated Events - an **EventRealization** is a combination of EventOutcomes, with the probability that all these outcomes happen; it is associated to - an outcome of an event - a precedent EventRealization, with dependent event outcomes A Prediction is actually a Bayesian network. An Outcome is a column in a Bayesian table/node of a Bayesian network. An EventPredicted is a cell in a Bayesian table/node. For a given Prediction, the sets of Realizations with their corresponding probabilities can be derived. ```mermaid classDiagram class Event Event --> "1" Event: dependency class Outcome { outcomeValue: real } Event o--> Outcome class Prediction:::top Prediction o--> EventPredicted class EventPredicted:::pred { probability: real } class Prediction:::pred Prediction o--> PredictionRealization class PredictionRealization:::rea PredictionRealization --> "0..*" Outcome: statedOutcome PredictionRealization o--> EventRealization class EventRealization:::rea { probability: real } EventRealization --> Outcome: eventOutcome EventRealization --> "1" EventRealization : precedent EventPredicted --> "1" Outcome: predictedOutcome EventPredicted --> "*" Outcome: dependencyOutcome classDef default fill:#f96,color:black classDef pred fill:#e9edc9,color:black classDef rea fill:#e1c8ea,color:black ```
created: 2026-01-01
issued: 2026-01-09
modified: 2026-01-09
preferred namespace prefix: obs
preferred namespace uri: https://ontology.flandersmake.be/event/ontology#
comment: An ontology of Events, allowing to associate probabilities to the Event outcomes
version info: 1.1.0
introduction: An Event is something that happens and can have different outcomes. Those outcomes are uncertain, and can be associated with probabilities. Examples of Events are: - the demand of a given product to a given organization - the price of a given product in a given market - the availability of a given machine in a given time period Events can depend on each other. For example the price of product can depend on the demand for that product. Outcomes of Events are associated with probabilities. These probabilities can be conditional to outcomes of Events this Event depends on.

eventDependency
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Event
range: Event
comment: An event impacting the subject event (an Edge in the Bayesian network); the subject Event depends on the object Event.

eventDependencyNot
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Event
range: Event
comment: The subject event is not dependent on the object event. This is the complement of the extension of event:eventDependenty in a given context

eventRealization
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RealizationEvents
range: EventRealization
comment: A event realization of the Events in the subject list.

eventRealizationOutcome
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: EventRealization
range: Outcome
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The realized outcome of the subject Realization

eventRealizationPrecedent
type: ObjectProperty
domain: EventRealization
range: EventRealization
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The Realization of the precedent event, to be used with the subject Realization

predictionSortedEvents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Prediction
range: Events
comment: A sublist of predictionSortedEventsAll, from some arbitrary element to the end (derived)

predictionSortedEventsAll
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Prediction
range: Events
comment: The list of events in the Prediction, sorted from most dependent to less dependent. Used as topological order for the derivations (derived)

realizationEvents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PredictionRealization
range: RealizationEvents
comment: A sublist of predictionAllEvents, from an arbitrary element to the end (least dependent event)(derived)

realizationEventsTop
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PredictionRealization
range: RealizationEvents
comment: The complete list of events (stated or predicted) in the Realization, sorted according to the dependencies (derived)

statedEvents
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: PredictionRealization
range: Events
comment: The stated events for this Realization(derived)

statedOutcomes
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: PredictionRealization
range: Outcomes
comment: Event Outcomes assumed to have happened in the context of this realization (input)

eventRealizationProbability
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: EventRealization
range: decimal
comment: The probability that all the outcomes in the Event Realization happen

OutcomeValue
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: ValueOutcome
range: decimal
comment: The actual value outcome

Event
type: Class
comment: An uncertain event impacting the production, with different possible outcomes; a prowl:Node and a a prowl:PR-OWL table

EventPredicted
type: Class
comment: The outcome of an event with a probability, possibly conditionnally to other event outcomes (a cell of a Bayesian table); a prowl:ProbabilityAssignment (input)

EventRealization
type: Class
comment: An event realization specifies an outcome for an event and all its dependencies, it is associated with the probability that all these outcomes happen (or the probability that this outcome happens conditonnaly to all dependent events)

Events
type: Class
subclass of: List
comment: A list of Events (possibly sorted from most dependent to least dependent)

Outcome
type: Class
comment: An outcome of an event (a column of a Bayesian table)

Prediction
type: Class
comment: A prediction of a set of Events, possibly provided by the Impact Prediction Tool; a Prediction i a belief on uncertain events (Events), namely their (conditional) probabilities

PredictionRealization
type: Class
comment: A Realization for a Prediction. Provides the set of all possible Realizations of the Prediction Events assuming a number of Events (possibly none) have a stated outcome

RealizationEvents
type: Class
comment: A list of Events with associated EventRealization's, for which event realizations will be derived.

ValueEvent
type: Class
subclass of: Event
comment: An Event whose outcomes are values (quantities)

ValueOutcome
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
comment: A value (quantity) outcome of an event