@prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix vann: . @prefix voaf: . @prefix dce: . @prefix dct: . @prefix widoco: . @prefix obs: . @prefix dep: . @base . @prefix : . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" ; rdfs:label "The Dependency Ontology"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ontology of dependencies, allowing specify to derived properties and their derivations"; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://ontology.flandersmake.be/dependency/ontology#" ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "dep" ; dct:created "2026-01-02"^^xsd:date ; dct:modified "2026-01-02"^^xsd:date ; dct:issued "2026-01-02"^^xsd:date ; dce:title "The Dependency Ontology"@en ; dce:abstract ''' A Dependency specifies a derived property - the outputDimension - as a function of other properties - the inputDimensions. An OperatorDependency is a Dependency specifying the derivation logic with an Operator (builtin, or conform to the Expression ontology). A Constraint is a Dependency specifying the feasibility of an instance with a boolean outputDimension. An Aggregation is a Dependency gathering the inputs from a set of associated instances: the Aggregation scope. '''@en; widoco:introduction ''' The Dependency ontology allows to specify derived properties and their derivations. A derived property is a property of an Observable that depends (is derived from) on other Dimensions of that Observable. The Dimensions the derived property depends on can be a given set of Dimensions, or a given Dimension on a set of associated instances (the scope of the aggregation). A particular case of Dependency is a Constraint, where the derived property is a boolean specifying the validity (or feasibility) of the Observable. '''@en; dce:description ''' The Dependency ontology allows to specify derived properties and their derivations. ## Concept Dependency The following concepts are formalized: - **Dependency**: specifies a derived Dimension of an Observable - **InputsDependency**: specifies the derivation from a set of Dimensions - **Aggregation**: specifies the derivation from a scope of associated objects ```mermaid classDiagram direction TB namespace observable { class Observation:::obs class Dimension:::obs } Observation --> Dimension :observedDimensions class Dependency { operator: Operator } Dependency --|> Observation class InputsDependency class Aggregation { scope } Dependency <|-- Aggregation Dependency <|-- InputsDependency Dimension <-- InputsDependency : inputDimensions Dimension <-- Dependency : outputDimension Dimension <-- Aggregation : inputDimensionScope Dimension <-- Aggregation : inputDimensionThis classDef default fill:#f96,color:black classDef obs fill:#e9edc9,color:black ``` ## Concept Constraint The following concepts are formalized: - **Constraint**: a Dependency specifying the feasibility of the Observable - **ConstrainedObservable**: the class of Observables with Constraints - **Constrained**: the base class of ConstrainedObservable's ```mermaid classDiagram direction BT namespace UpperOntology { class Constraint class Dependency class Observable class ConstrainedObservable class Observation } Observable <-- Observation : observationObservable Dependency --|> Observation Constraint --|> Dependency ConstrainedObservable --|> Observable namespace DomainOntology{ class Constrained{ feasible: boolean } class aConstrained:::user class aConstraint:::user } aConstraint --> Constraint : type aConstrained --> ConstrainedObservable : type aConstrained --|> Constrained Constrained --> Constraint: violatingConstraint namespace DomainData{ class aConstrainedInstance:::user{ feasible: false } } aConstrainedInstance --> aConstrained : type classDef default fill:#f96,color:black classDef owl fill:#e9edc9,color:black classDef user fill:white,color:black ``` '''@en. ################################################################# # Ontology # for dependencies between observable dimensions ################################################################# ################################################################# # Dependency # a Dependency is an Observation # expressing the dependency of an ouputDimension ################################################################# dep:Dependency rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf obs:Observation; rdfs:comment '''An Observation specifying a derived Dimension'''@en . dep:outputDimension rdf:type rdf:Property ; rdfs:subPropertyOf obs:observedDimension; rdfs:domain dep:Dependency ; rdfs:range obs:Dimension; rdfs:comment '''The derived Dimension specified by the Dependency'''@en . dep:Dependencies rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf rdf:List. dep:firstDependency rdf:type rdf:Property; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:first; rdfs:domain dep:Dependencies; rdfs:range dep:Dependency. dep:restDependencies rdf:type rdf:Property; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:rest; rdfs:domain dep:Dependencies; rdfs:range dep:Dependencies. ################################################################# # DependencyInputs # a dependency for a set of input properties ################################################################# dep:InputsDependency rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf dep:Dependency; rdfs:comment '''A Dependency with a set of input Dimensions'''@en . dep:inputDimensions rdf:type rdf:Property ; rdfs:subPropertyOf obs:observedDimensions; rdfs:domain dep:InputsDependency ; rdfs:range obs:Dimensions; rdfs:comment '''The Dimensions the derived Dimension depends on'''@en . ################################################################# # OperatorDependency # A dependency expressed by an Operator # An Operator is a predicate that # associates a list of values # with a value # math: N3 builtins are Operators # exp: Expressions are Operators ################################################################# dep:OperatorDependency rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf dep:Dependency; rdfs:comment '''A Dependency specifying the derivation logic with an Operator'''@en . dep:operator rdfs:subClassOf owl:ObjectProperty; rdfs:domain dep:OperatorDependency; rdfs:range rdfs:Resource. ################################################################# # Aggregation # A dependency expressed by an Operator # An Operator is a predicate that # associates a list of values # with a value # math: N3 builtins are Operators # exp: Expressions are Operators ################################################################# dep:Aggregation rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf dep:Dependency; rdfs:comment '''A Dependency specifying its inputs wiht a scope and a Dimension in that scope'''@en . # the set of elements to be aggregated # Question: is this compatible with the OWA? How to close the scope? dep:aggregationScope rdfs:subClassOf owl:ObjectProperty; rdfs:domain dep:Aggregation; rdfs:range owl:ObjectProperty; rdfs:comment '''The property specifying the scope of the aggregation'''@en . # the aggregated dimension, expected to be present on the elements in scope dep:inputDimensionScope rdf:type rdf:Property ; rdfs:subPropertyOf obs:observedDimension; rdfs:domain dep:Aggregation ; rdfs:range obs:Dimension ; rdfs:comment '''The aggregated Dimension (over the scope)'''@en . # some dimension on the aggregation context (observable) # that will contribute to the aggregation dep:inputDimensionThis rdf:type rdf:Property ; rdfs:subPropertyOf obs:observedDimension; rdfs:domain dep:Aggregation ; rdfs:range obs:DimensionOrNull ; rdfs:comment '''An extra Dimension on the Observable that will be considered in the aggregation'''@en . ################################################################# # Constraint ################################################################# dep:Constraint rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf dep:InputsDependency; rdfs:comment "A Constraint is an Dependency with observed dimensions as inputs and BooleanDimension as ouput" . dep:feasibleDimension rdf:type rdf:Property ; rdfs:subPropertyOf dep:outputDimension; rdfs:domain dep:Constraint ; rdfs:range obs:BooleanDimension . dep:ConstrainedObservable rdfs:subClassOf obs:Observable; rdfs:comment "The class ConstrainedObservable is the subset of Observables with Constraints" . _:ObservableWithConstraint rdfs:subClassOf dep:ConstrainedObservable; rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:someValuesFrom dep:Constraint; owl:onProperty obs:observableObservation; rdfs:comment "Observable with Constraints are members of ConsrainedObservable". # elements of ConstrainedObservable are subclasses of Constrained dep:SubClassOfConstrained rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty rdfs:subClassOf; owl:hasValue dep:Constrained; rdfs:comment "Members of ConstrainedObservable are subClassOf Constrained" . dep:ConstrainedObservable rdfs:subClassOf dep:SubClassOfConstrained. dep:Constrained rdf:type owl:Class; rdfs:comment "The class of instances with constraints. The base class of ConstrainedObservable's". dep:feasible rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty; rdfs:domain dep:Constrained; rdfs:range xsd:boolean. dep:violatingConstraint rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty; rdfs:domain dep:Constrained; rdfs:range dep:Constraint. dep:Constraints rdf:type rdfs:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf rdf:List. dep:firstConstraint rdf:type rdf:Property; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:first; rdfs:domain dep:Constraints; rdfs:range dep:Constraint. dep:restConstraints rdf:type rdf:Property; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:rest; rdfs:domain dep:Constraints; rdfs:range dep:Constraints. # Serialization annotations added by generate_docs.py "dependency.ttl" ; "dependency.rdf" ; "dependency.nt" ; "dependency.jsonld" .